40 pages 1 hour read

Four Eyes

Nonfiction | Graphic Memoir | Middle Grade | Published in 2023

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Part 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2 Summary: “Broken”

The next morning, Rex complains about his glasses, and his mother asks if people at school are bothering him. Rex doesn’t admit to being bullied and brushes off his mother’s concern. In each class that day, however, other students laugh at Rex, ask him silly questions, and tease him about his glasses. After school, a boy smears spit on Rex’s lenses. Frustrated, Rex takes his glasses off and is almost hit by a school bus.

That night at the taco restaurant, Rex’s mother lectures him about needing his glasses, and he finally admits that kids at school are mean about it. Sam suggests that Rex join the football team, but Rex’s mother worries about his safety and decides not to let him. Rex then blames her for making his life difficult. The next day at school, Rex tries to survive the day without his glasses, but every class is a strain, and he starts failing quizzes. When Rex’s mother finds out, she’s angry with him for failing to prioritize school.

The following day, the boy who was reading comics several weeks ago approaches Rex at lunch and sits down. He introduces himself as Scott and tells Rex he’s a fan of comics and science fiction. They discuss comic books, and Scott doesn’t care that Rex wears glasses. Rex goes home smiling and refreshed for once and spends the afternoon watching his brother. The following day, Rex sits with Scott at lunch again, and Scott reminds Rex that he was the boy wearing glasses and reading comics on the second day of school. He remembers how Rex stood up for him, which is why he wanted to be friends. Scott now wears contact lenses instead. Later, Rex goes to the grocery store with his mom and sees Drew and Victor. He tries to hide in a freezer and fogs up his glasses.

Rex’s mother notices that his glasses are filthy and reminds him to take care of them. The family drives out to the countryside to visit Rex’s abuela, and Rex notices how beautiful the scenery looks with his glasses on. Rex’s abuela happily offers to buy him clothes, but her help bothers Rex’s mother. His abuela tells Rex that he looks handsome and distinguished in glasses, but he disagrees. Before the family leaves, his abuela offers some cash, but Rex’s mother refuses it. In the car, she explains to the curious Rex that she feels “weak” (116) when she accepts her mother’s help.

The next day, Rex walks to school in the rain, and kids tease him for being soaking wet. At lunch, Victor makes fun of Rex and Scott for discussing Star Wars and Star Trek. Scott tells Victor that his father is a lawyer and will sue him if he does anything he shouldn’t; this effectively gets Victor to leave. Scott admits to Rex that his dad isn’t a lawyer but adds that speaking with confidence is a great way to fend off bullies.

Later, Rex is playing with his brother at the park when a wasp stings Rex in the face. It instantly swells up, and Ford runs into the parking lot, crying. Rex runs after him and bumps into a parked car, falling to the ground. He goes inside to look in the mirror and sees that his face is red and swollen. Unfortunately, Rex’s mother doesn’t see it as a reason to miss school, so Rex goes to school the next day and faces more mockery. He tells some kids to leave him alone for the first time.

That night, Rex and Scott go see Jaws together, and Rex forgets his glasses. He regrets this at first, but he ends up being glad for it when the movie is over and Scott professes that he may never swim again. At home, Rex misplaces his glasses and looks everywhere for them. His mother points out that they’re on his face.

In gym class the next day, the girl named Kennedy throws a dodgeball at Rex’s face by accident, breaking his glasses. Rex breaks the news to his mother, who panics, knowing she can’t afford another pair. She angrily tells Rex to call his father and leaves for work. Rex makes the call, but his dad proclaims to have already spent enough and admits to seeing Rex as more of an obligation than a son. Rex tells his father to start acting like a dad and hangs up. Ford sees his older brother crying and offers him a comforting hug. When their mother gets home, she apologizes for getting angry at Rex and decides to call his father back and demand the money. Rex’s father agrees to send it the following month, which means Rex must use broken glasses for a few weeks. Sam mends them so that they’re wearable, but Rex faces questions and teasing in every class the next day.

In gym class, Kennedy comes up to Rex to apologize. She and Rex relate over having lost their best friends this year. Kennedy mentions a school trip to Washington, DC, at the end of the year, encouraging Rex to go, and they both blush. At lunch, Victor throws a tater tot at Rex, but he says nothing. Scott notices and asks Rex why he didn’t speak up, but Rex irritatingly replies that Scott should have spoken up if he thought it was so important.

Rex goes home angry, but his mother suggests that Sam take him and Ford to the restaurant for dinner. This cheers Rex up at first, because he loves going to the restaurant. While there, however, he sees Victor there too. Rex’s mother introduces herself to Victor and tells him to be nice to Rex about his glasses. For the rest of the week, Rex avoids the cafeteria and goes hungry to escape Victor’s teasing.

The following week, Victor finds Rex in the cafeteria and pulls him aside. He gathers everyone’s attention and announces that Rex’s mother works waiting tables at the restaurant and asked Victor to be kind about Rex’s glasses. Everyone laughs, and Rex runs away. He sits behind the dumpster outside and cries.

Part 2 Analysis

The visual humor in the memoir’s illustrations adds levity, characterizes Rex and his family, and helps emphasize the novel’s motifs and symbols. When Rex gets stung in the face by a wasp while playing with Ford, and Ford runs into the parking lot, Rex tries to chase after him but runs into a parked car. The scene appears dramatic until Rex opens his eyes and realizes that the car didn’t hit him but he hit it. In another instance of humor, when Rex sees Drew at the grocery store, he hides in the freezer, and his glasses fog up, so he comes out looking like a time traveler. Illustrations are also a major aspect of understanding the subtleties of the characters, such as Rex’s innocent appearance when he stands up to his father and then cries afterward, overwhelmed with emotion. Victor always has a devilish grin on his face, hinting at his malicious nature, and Scott’s casual style of dress expresses his cool and calm demeanor.

Bullying only gets worse for Rex as the weeks go on, but he refuses to open up to his mother or get help for what he’s experiencing. This is something he ironically learned from his mother, who dislikes it when his abuela tries to help her (a similarity that his abuela mentions). Rex’s mother is as stubborn as he is, so while she tries to reach out, she’s also prone to frustration and easily gives up when Rex is in a negative mood. Rex decides that the best way to handle bullying is to give in to it and stop wearing glasses, rather than ignoring it and standing up to the bullies, thematically highlighting his failure in Rising Above Negative Judgment. He doesn’t realize that being able to see is far more important than being liked, especially by people like Victor. Conflict brews between Rex and his mother, too, because Rex starts failing tests at school, and his mother urges him to stop caring what other people think. For Rex and all people his age, this is extremely difficult, but gradual changes are taking place underneath that will soon bubble to the surface.

Rex’s abuela and his new friend Scott are two positive influences in his life. Scott, who took an interest in Rex after Rex stood up for him earlier in the year, watched Rex from a distance (as the illustrations show) and waited for him to find the courage to leave Victor and Drew behind. Being around Scott, who has the same interests and doesn’t judge Rex for his glasses, empowers Rex, and he goes home with a smile on his face for the first time since middle school began. Scott demonstrates how a person can stand up to a bully, even if they are afraid. He gives Rex seeds for thought, which later grow into the courage Rex needs to stand up to Victor. In addition, Rex starts to form a bond with Kennedy, who appears to have a crush on him and understands what it’s like to lose a friend, just like Rex lost his friendship with Drew. Like Scott, Rex’s abuela helps him begin to explore other ways of thinking and seeing the world. Her love for Rex is unconditional love, and she’s the first to tell him that his glasses make him look handsome.

Countering these positive influences is negativity from Rex’s father. Rex just wants his father to be present and to care, but his father refuses to do either. When they talk, he judges and patronizes Rex, making him feel like he’s just another expense in his father’s budget: “I’m not a legal requirement! I’m your son!” (143). This damages Rex’s self-esteem and, at times, makes him question his mother for choosing to be with someone like that. Rex doesn’t yet see that his real family is right in front of him, and they offer all the support he needs.

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