54 pages 1 hour read

In Country

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1985

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Part 2, Chapters 11-20 Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2, Chapter 11 Summary

Dawn and Sam meet at the local Kmart, a national retailer that gained prominence in the 1970s and 80s. Dawn reveals that she thinks she is pregnant, and the pair decide to buy a pregnancy test. Dawn is embarrassed to make the purchase, so Sam does it for her and tells Dawn to name the baby after her.

Part 2, Chapter 12 Summary

Sam is preoccupied with Tom and has a dream about him that night. Sam reflects that life is more complicated than what is portrayed on M*A*S*H, although she does think about how Army psychiatrist Sidney Freedman solves the problem of the main character, Hawkeye, by helping him remember a childhood incident.

Later, Sam has dinner with Lonnie and his family. They talk about the upcoming wedding of Lonnie's brother. Lonnie's parents ask questions about Emmett, and Lonnie says Emmett's problems cannot be linked to Agent Orange, something that annoys Sam. The parents continue to probe and pass judgment on Emmett. Lonnie's father says he feels like he missed out since there was no war while he was growing up, and Sam snaps at him, “Is it why we have wars—so guys won't miss out?” (87). Lonnie's mother changes the subject.

On the way home, Lonnie questions Sam about going for a ride with Tom. He also suggests that Emmett might snap and injure Sam. Sam thinks that Lonnie is “just like all of the other kids at school” who believe that war is a good thing (88). When she gets home, she realizes she understands Emmett better than she ever has before.

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary

A Flag Day sidewalk sale happens in Hopewell, and everyone attends. The event reminds Sam of the time Emmett flew a Viet Cong flag from the courthouse tower. She notes that her favorite store has closed and has been replaced by a chain store. She talks to Allen Wilkins, a Vietnam veteran who has reintegrated into society well, although Allen does not listen carefully to her concerns.

Sam next runs into Tom, who is sitting at a table with Jim Holly and gathering signatures for a petition to the government to attend to Agent Orange exposure. Jim reminds Sam that the veteran's dance will be on Friday. When Tom tells Sam that Anita is going to the dance, she thinks she might be able to persuade Emmett to go.

Sam asks Tom to go with her to the courthouse so she can see where Emmett flew the flag. The two talk about Tom's experiences in Vietnam, and her fears for Emmett, and Lonnie. She denies that she will marry Lonnie.

While in the courthouse, Sam thinks about all the official records that are housed there and wishes she had proof of her and her family’s identity. When a man at a table makes a racist joke, Tom gets Sam out of the building, “out into the sunlight“ (96).

Part 2, Chapter 14 Summary

Sam watches Bruce Springsteen’s video, Dancing in the Dark, and it makes her think of Tom. Lonnie tries to apologize for being critical of Emmett the night before, and although Sam accepts his apology, she chooses not to tell him about the dance on Friday night.

Emmett is busy making lasagna for the dinner with Anita. He and Anita talk about Jim Holly's wife leaving him, and then they all gather around the television to watch M*A*S*H. Sam is frustrated that Emmett pays more attention to the television than to Anita. Emmett reveals that the character Frank Burns reminds him of his commanding officer in Vietnam. He says that the officer “got fragged,” meaning that a man under his command shot him.

Part 2, Chapter 15 Summary

Sam meets up with Dawn and thinks about how being attracted to boys is really about having babies. She let Lonnie spend the previous night with her and now wonders if the birth control pill might let her down. She feels angry and wild.

Dawn reveals that she does not want to be pregnant. Sam tells her they should run away to Florida where Dawn can have the baby and they can work at Disney World. Sam, however, realizes that she does not want to be tied down with Dawn's baby, and Dawn says that she's tired of “playing mommy.” Since her mother died, Dawn has had to take care of her brother and her father.

Part 2, Chapter 16 Summary

Another thunderstorm upsets Emmett. Sam recalls the previous year watching the final episode of M*A*S*H with Emmett and Irene and how they cried as the Korean War ended and the characters said goodbye to each other.

Emmett talks about Jim Holly's situation, and when Sam suggests that some veterans have a fear of women, Emmett snaps at her that she could not possibly understand since women were not in the war.

Sam notices that Emmett's pimples are healing. She urges Emmett to get a job so he can pay the government the money he owes. Emmett resists, again saying that there are no jobs worth doing.

Part 2, Chapter 17 Summary

Lonnie is away at a stag party the night of the dance. Sam wears provocative clothing to the dance. Sam is surprised to learn that the veterans listened to music while they were in Vietnam. One of the veterans tells her that his favorite song then was “White Rabbit.” Talk turns to Buddy Mangrum, the vet experiencing all the symptoms of Agent Orange exposure. They say that the government will not admit what is causing his illnesses.

Same looks at old photos of the veterans in Vietnam and she realizes they were all young boys then. She has a long talk with several veterans about what it was like in Vietnam. When Anita arrives, she tells Sam about the first time she met Emmett. When Tom arrives, Sam denies having a boyfriend and dances with him. She drinks whiskey and feels herself getting a little drunk. One of the other vets tells her he knew her father.

In the restroom, Sam talks with the wife of one of the vets who shares that some of the soldiers in Vietnam, including her husband, cut off the ears of the men they killed and brought them home as souvenirs. Sam is appalled. She wants to go home with Tom.

Part 2, Chapter 18 Summary

In Tom's apartment, he and Sam begin to make love. However, Tom is unable to do so. He tells her that he has been impotent since Vietnam but has hoped that since he is so attracted to her, he would be able to perform. He asks Sam to hold him tightly and tells her not to tell anyone.

Part 2, Chapter 19 Summary

The next morning, Sam finds Tom outside working on a dirt bike. He will not look at her and tells her that if she still wants to buy the Volkswagen, he will fix it up for her.

Later, when Sam returns home, Emmett is gone. Sam goes to the shopping center in Hopewell. She thinks about how she has no sexual desire for Lonnie anymore, but that she wants to have sex with Tom. At Kmart, she buys a red ceramic cat for her mother rather than the wedding gift for Lonnie's brother. While there, Pete, one of the veterans, wants to buy her a soda, something that makes her uncomfortable.

Pete talks about his time in Vietnam and says that her father was lucky to be there early in the war before the men became disenchanted. He tells Sam to stop thinking about the war because she will never understand it. He also says that he wishes someone would “beat some sense” into his wife's head (136).

Part 2, Chapter 20 Summary

After her shopping expedition, Sam returns home to find Emmett still missing. She becomes increasingly worried. She also starts thinking about the war and all the lives that had been lost or ruined as a result of it. She watches MTV and a movie about war. Finally, she calls Dawn, who confirms her pregnancy but has not told her boyfriend yet. Sam goes for a long run. She hopes Emmett is with Anita.

Part 2, Chapters 11-20 Analysis

In these chapters, Mason develops Sam’s character, showing how she is moving toward adulthood through her interactions with Dawn, Lonnie, Tom, and Emmett. Mason also demonstrates the ways Hopewell serves as a microcosm for the way America is changing. Finally, through Sam’s deepening relationship with the veterans, Mason reveals how some of them have healed sufficiently to reintegrate themselves into society while others, such as Emmett, are still on the journey from isolation to reintegration.

Mason notably ages Sam at just under 18, the commonly accepted age one enters adulthood. At 17, Sam is still technically a child, although she has graduated from high school and stands on the cusp of adulthood. Until this point, she has romanticized love and relationships and has built her understanding of life and the Vietnam War largely on media representations of it. When Dawn tells her that she needs a pregnancy test, Sam childishly says that mixing Drano with urine will predict the sex of the child. By Chapter 15, however, Sam develops the perception that sexual attraction is about making babies. In addition, when Dawn admits that she does not want to have a baby, Sam’s initial response is that they should run away. Soon, however, she realizes that she does not want to be tied down to Dawn’s baby any more than she wants to be tied down to a baby of her own. Although she takes birth control pills every night, Sam suddenly thinks that 99% effective is not the same as 100%, and she becomes a little concerned about her sexual life with Lonnie. Her changing response to Dawn's pregnancy and romantic notions of sex demonstrate her movement toward adulthood.

Although Sam has been dating Lonnie for a long time, and everyone in Hopewell expects they will marry, Sam does not feel sexual attraction for Lonnie. Rather, it seems as if she fell into the relationship without really thinking about it when she was young. On the other hand, when she begins spending time with Tom, she experiences adult desire. Sam’s feelings for Tom are based on sexual attraction and adult needs rather than on childish feelings of romance.

As Sam becomes aware of her sexuality, her need to establish her own identity grows as well, driving her to find out more about her father and his experiences in Vietnam. However, she runs into roadblocks in her quest, fretting to Tom, “It’s so hard to find out anything” (94). She wants Tom to fill in the blanks for her so that she can truly know what it must have been like for her father. When she and Tom go to the Courthouse to see where Emmett once flew a Viet Cong flag, Sam is shaken when she sees the room where the courthouse records were kept. Emphasizing her current uncertainty about identity, she “wished she had copies of all these official proofs that she was who she was” (96). Again, having hard copy proof of her own identity, such as a birth certificate, becomes increasingly important to Sam.

This indicates an important developmental stage: During adolescence, most young people engage in dualistic or black-and-white thinking. They think things are either right or wrong. They want authority figures to tell them what is true and what is false. Sam initially trusts the physical documentary proof of her identity and the first-hand narratives of Vietnam War veterans as truth. Mason illustrates the way that Sam moves through dualistic thinking and arrives at multiplistic and relativistic thinking by the end of the book. She learns that sometimes there is no one true answer, but rather a plethora of stories, each true in their way. She also learns that memory is fallible. Recalling the movie Psycho, she notes that people “swore they saw the red blood in the shower, although the movie was not in color” (138). This indicates she realizes that all memories are situated in the mind, not necessarily in reality, and that memories can change over time. This is an unsettling thought for Sam: “She wished [memories] would hold still, like photographs” (138). Sam’s Coming-of-Age and Search for Identity is thus mediated through shifting and changing memories and experiences.

Mason also explores The Changing Landscape of American Life in this section, particularly in Chapter 13 with Hopewell's Flag Day sidewalk sale. Several times earlier, Dawn and Sam have complained that the nearest shopping mall is in Paducah and that to get there, they would need a car. That the girls are so fixated on shopping malls points to growing consumerism among young people. In addition, Mason demonstrates how small towns across America suffer from the changing landscape. The Flag Day sidewalk sale is the result of how “the merchants were trying to save downtown from the attractions of the shopping center and the Paducah mall” (89). Even the movie theatre in Hopewell has closed because of large theatres at the mall. In a changing America, small-town business districts, once the places of social engagement and community structure, find themselves supplanted by the promise of cheaper consumer goods at big box stores and shopping malls located in larger cities, all of which act as distractions from the widespread societal ailments like the collective trauma from the war.

Additionally, at the Flag Day sale, Sam runs into some of the Vietnam veterans. Mason uses this opportunity to illustrate how a few of the vets have managed to reintegrate themselves into the community. For example, Allan Wilkins has become a successful businessman. Jim Holly’s wife, however, has left him to take a job in a bigger city. Mason leaves this marriage viable but endangered throughout the book; there is every possibility that Holly and his wife will reconcile. Tom, on the other hand, seems trapped. Although there is nothing physically wrong with him, he remains impotent because of his PTSD. Likewise, Emmett, with his obsessive digging at the foundation of his house, his deep sadness, and his inability to form lasting relationships, has not managed reintegration. Still, like Holly, there is hope that he is healing, just as the pimples on his face are going away.

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