53 pages 1 hour read

Native Speaker

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1995

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Symbols & Motifs

New York City

New York City functions as both a setting and symbol in this novel. New York City is a symbolic setting because the themes of the novel are inherent to New York cosmopolitan identity and culture. New York is a location in which hundreds of different cultures and languages live together but are also segregated. New York both celebrates and subdues its diversity. This novel is very much a New York City novel because it explores the farce of cosmopolitanism, particularly in the political space. Lee provides this symbolic meaning of New York then subverts it by showing that New York is also a symbolic setting for metamorphosis. In New York, Henry can fit in, find a home, and change his perspective of himself.

The Bombing

The bombing of Kwang’s offices, in which three people are murdered, is a symbol. The action itself is symbolic of the myriad threats politicians (specifically minority politicians) face. When the bombing occurs, New Yorkers are eager to find another racial group to blame. Because Kwang is Asian American, it is easy for people to assume that the bombing is racially motivated. A bomb is not an assassination, so it acts as a message to Kwang and his followers. But when it is revealed that Kwang was behind the bombing, Lee uses the symbol of the bombing to show that Kwang is extremely aware that people will try to find a racial scapegoat for the bombing. This reveals that Kwang is not hopeful about racial harmony, rather that he uses racial disharmony to his advantage. The bombing is also a symbolic moment that marks the beginning of Kwang’s destruction. He is unable to bounce back from the bombing. The press attention, coupled with his guilt, chips away at his public exterior of confidence and power. The offices are relocated, mostly to Kwang’s house, which means that his professional and personal spaces become blurred. This disables Kwang from balancing his different selves, ultimately leading him to his final and irreparable scandal.

Writing

Writing is a form of communication that symbolizes the theme of language and communication. Henry must deliver analytical reports on his subjects, written reports of the facts that surround them so that someone else can interpret implied ethical breaches. Though Henry feels anxious about his spoken communication, through writing these reports he feels confident and clear. But his written reports are just another layer of his many aliases. These reports are a product of his efforts at assimilation and obedience to white institutions. When Henry feels most confident, his writing is good, but when he feels lost in his subject, his writing takes on too many narrative flourishes, a form of overcompensating. These reports are juxtaposed with Henry’s internal voice, which is full of metaphors and deep connections. It is one of his only forms of communication with his boss, which means that writing is a symbolic dissonance between Henry and the seedier reality of his job, one that he prefers to ignore. Lelia writes, too. She wrote poetry and essays when she and Henry first met but drifted away from writing as she became more involved with her career and family. Lelia always wishes to return to writing, but she does not. Her list is an example of the damaging power of writing. Even though she regrets having given it to Henry, he has already copied and internalized it. For Lelia, writing is a weapon and a symbol of her lost identity.

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