24 pages 48 minutes read

Raymond's Run

Fiction | Short Story | Middle Grade | Published in 24

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Literary Devices

Point of View

Point of view refers to the perspective from which a story is told. “Raymond’s Run” is told from the perspective of its protagonist, Hazel “Squeaky” Parker, and therefore uses first-person narration. By choosing to write from the perspective of Squeaky, Bambara allows readers to explore her fictional version of 1970s Harlem through the eyes of a poor, but confident and hard-working Black girl. Through Squeaky’s colloquial, somewhat stream-of-consciousness narration, readers are given a clear image of Squeaky and her relationships, beliefs, and interests. This level of interiority allows readers to feel closer to Squeaky, which in turn garners a deeper level of understanding or empathy for her character.

Foil

A foil character is one whom the author describes as the direct opposite of another character in order to emphasize the differences between the two. The most pertinent example is the foil of the narrator, Squeaky, and her classmate, Cynthia Procter. Squeaky describes Cynthia as being “just the opposite of her” (Paragraph 5). Cynthia likes to let on that she is naturally gifted and can perform her schoolwork and hobbies with little to no effort. Squeaky knows from passing by Cynthia’s house every morning—where she hears her practicing the same phrases on the piano, repeatedly—that like herself, Cynthia does put work into honing her craft. Squeaky, on the other hand, is not ashamed of the labor she puts into her schoolwork or her running. The foil in this context helps readers gain a better understanding of Squeaky’s personality and beliefs by comparing her to someone she considers to be her direct opposite.

Imagery

Bambara’s use of imagery in the story is most effective during the scene in which Squeaky is about to compete in the May Day race. Squeaky likens the feeling she always gets before she competes in a race to that of being in a dream, one in which “you’re sick with fever and feel all hot and weightless” (Paragraph 23). Before she erupts into her sprint, Squeaky dreams that she is “…flying over a sandy beach in the early morning sun, kissing the leaves of the trees as I fly by” (Paragraph 23). In this daydream “…there’s always the smell of apples, just like in the country when I was little…running through the fields of corn and chugging up the hill to the orchard” (Paragraph 23). This imagery reflects Squeaky’s desire to step away from reality and to experience the beauty of life with the same childlike wonder she once had as a little girl, before she was tasked with the responsibility of looking after her brother. Interestingly, Squeaky’s imagined world mirrors the fantasy world that Raymond prefers to live in.

Epiphany

Epiphany refers to the point in the narrative when a character makes a significant realization. Squeaky’s moment of epiphany happens at the end of the story when she wins first place in the May Day race. Though she has been working toward this competition with the intention of coming in first, her preoccupation with winning vanishes in the face of a significant realization: her brother Raymond is a decent runner. The pride she feels for Raymond, whom she has just witnessed run in his first race, overshadows the gratification she feels about her own victory. Squeaky realizes that Raymond has the potential to be an impressive competitive runner, and this realization allows her to view him in a whole new light.

 

Similarly, Squeaky has a significant epiphany about her rival, Gretchen. After the race, Squeaky is impressed by Gretchen’s running abilities and respects her for the hard work she clearly puts into her training. When this respect for dedication to the sport is reciprocated by Gretchen, the two girls share a moment of genuine appreciation for one another, which Squeaky realizes has the potential to blossom into an actual friendship.

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