44 pages 1 hour read

Starship Troopers

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1959

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Chapters 7-9

Chapter 7 Summary

Powered suits are the main tool of the Mobile Infantry soldier. With more weaponry than a squadron of tanks but with extremely fine control, the suits enable an infantry squad to deliver precise pressure against an enemy and achieve specific ends. The suits make the wearer look like a weaponized gorilla; they greatly augment the soldier’s eyes, ears, and muscles. All telemetry is projected onto the wearer’s face plate; chin and teeth work the gauges and comm lines. The wearer can jump over buildings, crush large objects, and yet pick up an egg without cracking it. The suits vary, depending on need: They’re heavily armed for attackers, lightly armed for scouts, more highly jet-powered for commanders.

During practice, Johnnie cheats a little when deploying a simulated bomb. His action could have endangered his squad; he receives five lashes for gross negligence. Afterward, no one mentions it, and the record is stricken on graduation, but Johnnie never forgets the lesson. 

Chapter 8 Summary

Floggings are rare; it’s easier simply to kick out the recruit. Lashings for lesser offenses often are administered to recruits who trainers believe are still salvageable as soldiers. Desertion during training gets 50 lashes, though the authorities rarely search for the offenders. Desertion under fire, however, can draw the death penalty. One deserter, N. L. Dillinger, later kidnaps and kills a child; he is captured and sent back to Mobile Infantry: “The MI take care of their own—no matter what” (115). The recruits fall in and must watch as Dillinger is ceremonially stripped of all insignia and then hung. This is followed by 30 days of mourning and formal disgrace for the regiment.

Johnnie rolls the idea of capital punishment around in his mind. If Dillinger knew what he was doing, his penalty wasn’t painful enough. If he was crazy, death wasn’t any sort of lesson, but he’d remain a lethal danger to society. if he somehow could be cured, the knowledge what he’d done might drive him to suicide. Every way Johnnie looks at it, Dillinger ends up dead. Thinking back to his high school Moral Philosophy class, Johnnie recalls Mr. Dubois explaining that widespread disorder and crime, followed by an international war, led to the collapse of the North American republic. The theory of the time was that leniency leads to law-abiding citizens, but the opposite occurred.

Dubois asserts that “a human being has no natural rights of any nature,” and that “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” must be wrested from nature and from tyrants (125). Furthermore, there is no such thing as a “juvenile delinquent,” because juveniles don’t yet have a fully developed moral sense. Johnnie wonders where young Dillinger would fit on that spectrum. In any event, no more children would die at Dillinger’s hands. 

Chapter 9 Summary

Johnnie’s trainee regiment has dwindled from 2,000 to less than 400; his own H Company is down to a single platoon. They move to “Camp Sergeant Spooky Smith” (127), high in the Canadian Rockies. Captain Frankel spends more time with the recruits, his training customized to each student. Learning to fly powered suits in rough terrain is difficult at best; two recruits die and one retires on a medical discharge.

Recruits can spend Sundays in uniform on leave among the civilians—Vancouver is available by shuttle—and Johnnie quickly discovers how much he has changed by how strange the city appears, with so many useless items for sale at stores, “not a weapon among them” (131), and so many attractive young ladies. Recruit Pat Leivy offers to pay for shuttle tickets if Johnnie and “Kitten” Smith join him in Seattle. They agree and zip south to the big city. At a bar, they’re taunted by merchant-marine sailors and young civilian men. The three recruits leave but they’re followed and assaulted; in seconds the attackers are laid out, unconscious. The police arrive, but the lads don’t press charges, as they’re under orders to avoid trouble. Johnnie realizes he defended himself entirely by reflex, and he understands why all recruits go on leave unarmed.

The trainees begin practicing powered-suit landings from orbit: “go aboard, space, make a drop, go through an exercise, and home on a beacon. A day’s work” (134). Each company gets roughly one drop per week, week after week. The landings become harder—over mountains, desert, the Arctic, and finally the Moon—and more recruits quit. Most washouts resign or receive medical discharges, but 14 die. Johnnie gets his first case of the drop shakes; they never go away. Of the original complement of 2009 recruits, 187 finish the training and receive their certificates on graduation day. 

Chapters 7-9 Analysis

In these chapters, Johnnie finishes his training as a capsule trooper and learns the moral foundations of Federal service. It becomes clear that Mobile Infantry are the elite forces of the Federation: Few who sign up complete the complex, demanding, and dangerous training. As a Naval officer, Heinlein served for a time on an aircraft carrier, whose aviators are an elite group with a high washout rate. Landing a fighter plane on a pitching deck is extremely difficult; dropping from space and landing feet-down on an alien planet while engaging the enemy poses a comparable challenge. 

Heinlein explains that a powered suit’s various readouts and telemetry are projected onto the wearer’s face shield. This anticipates, decades early, the heads-up displays on jet-fighter canopies and, later, on the windshields of automobiles.

The author also foresees the run-up in crime that takes place during the 1970s and 1980s in the US. In the book, general laxity about punishment during the late 20th century leads to a vast increase in crime and disorder, until the North American republic collapses. Heinlein argues that the penalty of simple confinement—sharing cells with other criminals who teach each other new ways to commit crimes—is counterproductive, and that the infliction of pain would be more effective and, therefore, rarely needed.

Today, few Western-style democracies perform corporal or capital punishment on convicts, as both are deemed cruel; thus, incarceration is the chief modern penalty. Unfortunately, beyond keeping convicts out of circulation for a time, it has relatively little effect on criminal behavior. On the other hand, many studies suggest that physical punishment inflicts psychological damage.

Most modern training methods rely on positive reinforcement, coupled with mild irritants as negative feedback for unwanted behaviors. The goal is to point the subject toward socially desirable behavior with a minimum of anguish. Heinlein believes psychological injury occurs only from continuous physical punishments, and that lashings would be used very rarely. Therefore, a onetime flogging wouldn’t cause permanent damage to a recipient.

Heinlein’s ideas have little traction in Europe and North America, though a few nations elsewhere still sanction corporal punishment, but the issue of crime and punishment is far from settled, and fierce arguments erupt often as to how best to proceed. Beginning in the 1990s, street crime in the US suddenly faded, and theorists still argue about why this happened. The topic remains open. 

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