84 pages 2 hours read

World Without End

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2007

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Part 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2, Chapter 6 Summary

Ten years have passed. Merthin, now nearly finished with his apprenticeship under master builder Elfric, bumps into Buonaventura Caroli, a Florentine merchant who encourages his experimentation with building. Caroli also talks with Caris, a young woman whose willingness to question the authority of the church is already fully developed. Due to torrential rains, a wall of the Kingsbridge church collapses. Merthin shows up Elfric, known for his poor craftmanship and lack of knowledge about his trade, by correctly identifying the likely cause and suggesting a less lucrative means of repairing the fault. He impresses Thomas, now matricularus (director of building and maintenance) in the priory. Thomas also warns Merthin that talking about the letter might lead to their assassination by powerful interests. The chapter ends with Griselda, pregnant by her boyfriend Thurstan, seducing Merthin to claim Merthin is the father.

Part 2, Chapter 7 Summary

At the Wooler house that night, Buonaventura announces that he will switch to Shiring’s market because it has made more investments that traders need. Edmund takes Caris, Merthin, and Buonaventura to see Prior Anthony (also Edmund’s brother) about upgrading the market and bridge to keep important traders coming back. Caris cleverly suggests they build a new bridge using funds from the tolls that the priory usually claims. Merthin promises he can build a bridge by the upcoming December using innovative methods. Anthony cannot believe Caris figures out such a plan for herself, because she is a woman, so he rejects the idea. Caris is puzzled by how downcast Merthin is.

Part 2, Chapter 8 Summary

Earl Roland of Shiring brings Lady Phillipa (his wife) and his household to Kingsbridge. Ralph, now a squire eager to gain more power and the attention of the aloof Phillipa, is with them. During the visit, Ralph gropes Annet, daughter of a prosperous peasant family in Wigleigh. His actions lead to a fight during which Wulfric, Annet’s fiancé, punches Ralph and breaks his nose. Phillipa intervenes to protect Wulfric from punishment. Squires are never held accountable for their bad actions because they have the backing of powerful lords, so Ralph feels deeply humiliated that a person of lesser status like Wulfric has gotten the better of him.

Part 2, Chapter 9 Summary

Godwyn and Holger (now a novice called “Philemon”) discover Richard of Shiring having sex with Margery, a young kinswoman of the earl who is engaged to be married to someone else. Godwyn and Philemon observe the couple through a peephole that Philemon, already known as a sneak, created to spy on people lodging at Kingsbridge. Godwyn makes a show of accidently discovering the couple as they have sex. He promises not to tell anyone, but he actually plans to use this knowledge to force Richard to support him as he attempts to ascend the church hierarchy. Godwyn wants power and to reform the church. He needs Anthony out of the way, however, to become prior. His central reform will be barring women, especially nuns, from mingling with the monks. This plan, which he conceives with his mother, will also diminish the financial power the nunnery has over the monastery by undercutting Cecilia’s authority.

Part 2, Chapter 10 Summary

Merthin embellishes a repaired door in the church with a beautiful carving of virgins, making Elfric jealous. When he returns to the Builder house, Elfric and Alice (now Elfric’s wife) accuse him of coercing Griselda into sex, leaving her pregnant. Elfric beats up Merthin, takes the expensive tools masters traditionally give to their apprentices, and ends Merthin’s apprenticeship. Elfric later destroys the new door.

Part 2, Chapter 11 Summary

Gwenda has grown to be a young woman, and she is in love with Wulfric. She accompanies Caris to the home of Mattie Wise, a wise woman (herbalist and midwife), to get a love potion that will help her gain Wulfric’s affection. Caris buys the potion for her. Gwenda’s plan to give Wulfric to the potion fails when Joby sells her to one Sim, an unsavory man, for a cow. Over the objection of a townswoman, the constable and Godwyn decide the sale is legal. Sam takes her away from town and to the hideout of a gang of outlaws who plan to exploit Gwenda sexually. The men are too tired to rape her that night, however.

Part 2, Chapter 12 Summary

Gwenda kills Alwyn, the man set to guard her, when he tries to rape her. Sim pursues her all the way to town when she runs away. The town of Kingsbridge is abuzz with the condemnation of Crazy Nell, a woman who likely has a psychological illness, for heresy and witchcraft. Her main persecutor is Murdo, a corrupt Benedictine friar. Caris is the only person willing to defend Nell when people superstitiously blame Nell for any random bad thing that has happened in their lives.

The town is also in a tumult because the king is raising taxes on their trade to fund a war with France. Meanwhile, Ralph intimates to William, son of Roland, that he knows a secret about Thomas. Ralph hopes to advance from being a squire using this information, but William refuses to give him what he wants. Merthin tells Caris about the to-do with Griselda.

All of these events converge when Nell, condemned to death, is whipped across the bridge. The earl, Father Anthony, Bishop Richard, Ralph, and many important people are on the bridge when it collapses.

Part 2, Chapter 13 Summary

Several things happen with the collapse. Sim and Gwenda are on the bridge. She uses the confusion in the aftermath of the collapse to drown Sim. Anthony dies after near-drowning, leaving the prior’s office open. Caris, meanwhile, organizes the rescue and triage efforts until Mother Cecilia and more experienced hands arrive. Ralph rescues Roland, who has a head injury that leaves part of his skull pressed into his brain. The earl is transported to the hospital at the priory, where—over the objection of the monks—Mathew Barber performs cranial surgery on him. Matthew gives a nod to the religious beliefs of the time by asking the monks to put relics around the earl to protect him, but he also tells those gathered to leave the earl undisturbed for 10 days.

Part 2 Analysis

These chapters allow Follett to develop in more detail the theme related to the exercise of power.

In these chapters, we see characters in positions of authority—fathers, masters craftspeople, priests, and squires—exercise authority in ways that damage those who are subordinate to them. Joby, introduced as a thief and a terrible father in the first scene of the novel, actually trafficks his daughter, exposing her to sexual violence. He treats her as a commodity because the townspeople and the church, represented by Godwyn, abet him in this act of betrayal. Joby understands his role as father as one of ownership—Gwenda is a thing to be bartered to meet his needs, not someone for whom he is responsible.

Other figures engage in exploitation of their charges as well. Elfric has a responsibility to educate and care for Merthin because of his role as master to his apprentice. Rather than support the development of Merthin’s obvious talents, Elfric undercuts him and seeks to stifle him for fear of losing his own authority. His jealousy over his own advancement eventually leads to dangerous consequences later in the novel. His reaction to Merthin’s supposed impregnation of Griselda is much more about Merthin’s violation of Elfric’s prerogative to decide whom his daughter will marry rather than a defense of Griselda’s virtue.

While Elfric and Joby are not necessarily people with great authority in the larger world, even those who have powerful positions fail to treat those below them with care. The king’s demand for taxes, for example, creates pressures on the town and the merchants there. Closer to home, Bishop Richard has sex with a young ward of his family, a violation of his responsibility both to his family and his role as churchman. His affair creates conflict and leaves him open to the machinations of Godwyn later.

Ralph’s assault on Annet shows the dangers of unfettered power over subordinates. Like many squires, Ralph finds that the authority of the lord he serves allows him to engage in acts of violence with almost no repercussions. The flip side of this belief is that subordinates are to unquestioningly accept that authority with no complaints. When Ralph grabs Annet, it is because he assumes his position gives him power over her. She is a peasant and a woman, and thus of no account in his mind. Wulfric’s anger and willingness to strike at Ralph are enough for Ralph to kill Wulfric. Only a greater power—Lady Phillipa wielding the power of Roland of Shiring—is enough to counter this irresponsible use of power.

There are some instances in which people push back against unfettered power, with Phillipa’s intervention being just one example. Gwenda resorts to violence in the life and death struggle to avoid multiple rapes. She kills her would-be rapists Alwyn and Sim. Her ability to save herself occurs only because of a moment of disorder—the collapse of the bridge. Wulfric’s moment of rebellion is also a violent act, but one that nearly costs him his life. The same can be said about Godwyn and Philemon, who use the collapse of the bridge and the happenstance of having caught Richard having sex with Margery to advance up the hierarchy in a way that would have been impossible before.

Follett underscores the theme of the dangers of unfettered authority using two symbols, the Kingsbridge Church and the bridge, both of which suffer collapses. The church’s literal collapse has its roots far in the past, but symbolically, the church has a corruption at its heart because of the actions of people like Richard, Philemon, and Godwyn. Richard’s lapse is one of sexual morality, while that of Philemon and Godwyn is rooted in their belief that any means is justified in pursuit of power within the church hierarchy.

While characters like Merthin, Caris, and Thomas aim to shore up these structures, they cannot intervene effectively in the metaphorical structure of the institutions responsible for them. The failure of the structures and the only partially effective responses of the major characters to these failures presage larger changes that emerge later in the novel.

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